Singular and Plural Nouns for Beginners

Singular and Plural Nouns

A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea.

Usually, the first page of a grammar book tells you about nouns. Nouns give names of concrete or abstract things in our lives. As babies learn "mom," "dad," or "milk" as their first word, nouns should be the first topic when you study a foreign language.


For the plural form of most nouns, add s.

  • bottle – bottles
  • cup – cups
  • pencil – pencils
  • desk – desks
  • sticker – stickers
  • window – windows
For nouns that end in ch, x, s, or s sounds, add es.

  • box – boxes
  • watch – watches
  • moss – mosses
  • bus – buses
For nouns ending in f or fe, change f to v and add es.

  • wolf – wolves
  • wife – wives
  • leaf – leaves
  • life – lives
Some nouns have different plural forms.

  • child – children
  • woman – women
  • man – men
  • mouse – mice
  • goose – geese
Nouns ending in vowels like y or o do not have definite rules.

  • baby – babies
  • toy – toys
  • kidney – kidneys
  • potato – potatoes
  • memo – memos
  • stereo – stereos
A few nouns have the same singular and plural forms.

  • sheep – sheep
  • deer – deer
  • series – series
  • species – species

[Quiz 1.1]

Choose the correct form of the noun in each sentence.

1)I have three (child, children).
2)There are five (man, men) and one (woman, women).
3)(Baby, Babies) play with bottles as toys.
4)I put two big (potato, potatoes) in the lunch box.
5)A few men wear (watch, watches).
6)I put a (memo, memos) on the desk.
7)I saw a (mouse, mice) running by.
8)There are few (bus, buses) on the road today.

View Answers [1.1]
1) children
2) men, woman
3) Babies
4) potatoes
5) watches
6) memo
7) mouse
8) buses

Improve your English

How to improve your spoken English

Improve Your English Speaking and English Pronunciation Skills

My first piece of advice is not to get too hung up on trying to sound like a native speaker. Would you start learning the piano in an attempt to sound like Mozart? The first rule of speaking English is to learn to speak clearly and concisely and remember you won't just be speaking to native speakers: There are roughly 380 million native speakers out there, but as many as a billion people speak English as a second language, you do the math.
Try to avoid using idioms and slang (I always say learn it, but don't use it). It might sound clever to say "You're barking up the wrong tree," but if you use it in the wrong situation, or if the other person simply doesn't understand you, you'll only look silly when you try to explain what you meant to say, or what it actually means.
There's also a saying in English "Have you swallowed a dictionary?" It is applicable to anyone who uses long, complicated words when a shorter word will do. Short sentences are just as good (if not better) than long rambling explanations. The value in what you have to say is what you say, not how clever you look or sound when you say it. So it's a good idea to try to use simple, clear vocabulary, KISS - keep it short and simple, Here's a fun video that illustrates what I mean.

English speaking tips

Get over any fear you might have of making mistakes. You will make mistakes.
Be patient with yourself. Learning any language can be frustrating, but frustration won't help you, so let it go.
Grasp every opportunity you have to speak with people in English.
Talk to friends who are also learning English. Go out together for coffee and only speak English to each other!
Read short stories out loud and try to see, say and hear the words to reinforce your memory. Record yourself and play it back later, how does it sound?

Find English speaking friends:-
  • You might not be able to find any friendly native speakers where you live, but If you can't find anyone who'll actually help you, don't worry, you'll still be able to figure out if they can understand you.
  • Get onto Second Life. It's the one place I've found where you're guaranteed a conversation - it's an adult environment, and you won't always want to talk to the people you meet, but for every blood sucking vampire who asks if they can bite you, there are at least ten, nice people who just want to socialise. If you want a list of nice places to go, just contact me on the forum.
  • There are several internet based voice chat programmes out there: Yahoo! Messenger | Google Hangouts | Skype and I'm sure there are lots more.
  • Look for people with the same interests as you. It's no good asking everyone you meet to help you with your English, rather develop natural friendships based on your hobbies etc. Eventually you will make friends and they will be much more likely to give you correction / guidance.
  • Join an English club or conversation group. Around the world there are many English speaking clubs, these clubs aren't just for expats but for people interested in the English way of life. They can be friendly and fun. For a list of English clubs click here. Check magazines as well as your phone book, your local newspaper and your local university. Or if there isn't one in your area - start one! Place an advertisement in your newspaper for people interested in starting a group or go to Meetup.
  • Visit an Irish/English/Australian theme pub or British food shop, you can usually find one in the larger cities. Often, the waiters and waitresses come from English-speaking countries, the menu is often in English too!
  • Once your English is good enough, go shopping in some tourist areas. You'll find lots of shop assistants speak very good English.
  • If you can travel to an English speaking country, do it.
- See more at: http://www.learnenglish.de/improveenglish/improvespeakingpage.html#sthash.vzJoYvnT.dpuf
 Improve Your English Speaking and English Pronunciation SkillsMy first piece of advice is not to get too hung up on trying to sound like a native speaker. Would you start learning the piano in an attempt to sound like Mozart? The first rule of speaking English is to learn to speak clearly and concisely and remember you won't just be speaking to native speakers: There are roughly 380 million native speakers out there, but as many as a billion people speak English as a second language, you do the math.

Try to avoid using idioms and slang (I always say learn it, but don't use it). It might sound clever to say "You're barking up the wrong tree," but if you use it in the wrong situation, or if the other person simply doesn't understand you, you'll only look silly when you try to explain what you meant to say, or what it actually means.

There's also a saying in English "Have you swallowed a dictionary?" It is applicable to anyone who uses long, complicated words when a shorter word will do. Short sentences are just as good (if not better) than long rambling explanations. The value in what you have to say is what you say, not how clever you look or sound when you say it. So it's a good idea to try to use simple, clear vocabulary, KISS - keep it short and simple
English speaking tips

Get over any fear you might have of making mistakes. You will make mistakes.

Be patient with yourself. Learning any language can be frustrating, but frustration won't help you, so let it go.

Grasp every opportunity you have to speak with people in English.

Talk to friends who are also learning English. Go out together for coffee and only speak English to each other!

Read short stories out loud and try to see, say and hear the words to reinforce your memory. Record yourself and play it back later, how does it sound?

Find English speaking friends:-

    You might not be able to find any friendly native speakers where you live, but If you can't find anyone who'll actually help you, don't worry, you'll still be able to figure out if they can understand you.
    Get onto Second Life. It's the one place I've found where you're guaranteed a conversation - it's an adult environment, and you won't always want to talk to the people you meet, but for every blood sucking vampire who asks if they can bite you, there are at least ten, nice people who just want to socialise. If you want a list of nice places to go, just contact me on the forum.
    There are several internet based voice chat programmes out there: Yahoo! Messenger | Google Hangouts | Skype and I'm sure there are lots more.
    Look for people with the same interests as you. It's no good asking everyone you meet to help you with your English, rather develop natural friendships based on your hobbies etc. Eventually you will make friends and they will be much more likely to give you correction / guidance.
    Join an English club or conversation group. Around the world there are many English speaking clubs, these clubs aren't just for expats but for people interested in the English way of life. They can be friendly and fun. For a list of English clubs. Check magazines as well as your phone book, your local newspaper and your local university. Or if there isn't one in your area - start one! Place an advertisement in your newspaper for people interested in starting a group or go to Meetup.
    Visit an Irish/English/Australian theme pub or British food shop, you can usually find one in the larger cities. Often, the waiters and waitresses come from English-speaking countries, the menu is often in English too!
    Once your English is good enough, go shopping in some tourist areas. You'll find lots of shop assistants speak very good English.
    If you can travel to an English speaking country, do it.

Improve Your English Speaking and English Pronunciation Skills

My first piece of advice is not to get too hung up on trying to sound like a native speaker. Would you start learning the piano in an attempt to sound like Mozart? The first rule of speaking English is to learn to speak clearly and concisely and remember you won't just be speaking to native speakers: There are roughly 380 million native speakers out there, but as many as a billion people speak English as a second language, you do the math.
Try to avoid using idioms and slang (I always say learn it, but don't use it). It might sound clever to say "You're barking up the wrong tree," but if you use it in the wrong situation, or if the other person simply doesn't understand you, you'll only look silly when you try to explain what you meant to say, or what it actually means.
There's also a saying in English "Have you swallowed a dictionary?" It is applicable to anyone who uses long, complicated words when a shorter word will do. Short sentences are just as good (if not better) than long rambling explanations. The value in what you have to say is what you say, not how clever you look or sound when you say it. So it's a good idea to try to use simple, clear vocabulary, KISS - keep it short and simple,
- See more at: http://www.learnenglish.de/improveenglish/improvespeakingpage.html#sthash.vzJoYvnT.dpuf

Improve Your English Speaking and English Pronunciation Skills

My first piece of advice is not to get too hung up on trying to sound like a native speaker. Would you start learning the piano in an attempt to sound like Mozart? The first rule of speaking English is to learn to speak clearly and concisely and remember you won't just be speaking to native speakers: There are roughly 380 million native speakers out there, but as many as a billion people speak English as a second language, you do the math.
Try to avoid using idioms and slang (I always say learn it, but don't use it). It might sound clever to say "You're barking up the wrong tree," but if you use it in the wrong situation, or if the other person simply doesn't understand you, you'll only look silly when you try to explain what you meant to say, or what it actually means.
There's also a saying in English "Have you swallowed a dictionary?" It is applicable to anyone who uses long, complicated words when a shorter word will do. Short sentences are just as good (if not better) than long rambling explanations. The value in what you have to say is what you say, not how clever you look or sound when you say it. So it's a good idea to try to use simple, clear vocabulary, KISS - keep it short and simple,
- See more at: http://www.learnenglish.de/improveenglish/improvespeakingpage.html#sthash.vzJoYvnT.dpuf

Improve Your English Speaking and English Pronunciation Skills

My first piece of advice is not to get too hung up on trying to sound like a native speaker. Would you start learning the piano in an attempt to sound like Mozart? The first rule of speaking English is to learn to speak clearly and concisely and remember you won't just be speaking to native speakers: There are roughly 380 million native speakers out there, but as many as a billion people speak English as a second language, you do the math.
Try to avoid using idioms and slang (I always say learn it, but don't use it). It might sound clever to say "You're barking up the wrong tree," but if you use it in the wrong situation, or if the other person simply doesn't understand you, you'll only look silly when you try to explain what you meant to say, or what it actually means.
There's also a saying in English "Have you swallowed a dictionary?" It is applicable to anyone who uses long, complicated words when a shorter word will do. Short sentences are just as good (if not better) than long rambling explanations. The value in what you have to say is what you say, not how clever you look or sound when you say it. So it's a good idea to try to use simple, clear vocabulary, KISS - keep it short and simple,
- See more at: http://www.learnenglish.de/improveenglish/improvespeakingpage.html#sthash.vzJoYvnT.dpuf

Improve Your English Speaking and English Pronunciation Skills

My first piece of advice is not to get too hung up on trying to sound like a native speaker. Would you start learning the piano in an attempt to sound like Mozart? The first rule of speaking English is to learn to speak clearly and concisely and remember you won't just be speaking to native speakers: There are roughly 380 million native speakers out there, but as many as a billion people speak English as a second language, you do the math.
Try to avoid using idioms and slang (I always say learn it, but don't use it). It might sound clever to say "You're barking up the wrong tree," but if you use it in the wrong situation, or if the other person simply doesn't understand you, you'll only look silly when you try to explain what you meant to say, or what it actually means.
There's also a saying in English "Have you swallowed a dictionary?" It is applicable to anyone who uses long, complicated words when a shorter word will do. Short sentences are just as good (if not better) than long rambling explanations. The value in what you have to say is what you say, not how clever you look or sound when you say it. So it's a good idea to try to use simple, clear vocabulary, KISS - keep it short and simple,
- See more at: http://www.learnenglish.de/improveenglish/improvespeakingpage.html#sthash.vzJoYvnT.dpuf

Improve Your English Speaking and English Pronunciation Skills

My first piece of advice is not to get too hung up on trying to sound like a native speaker. Would you start learning the piano in an attempt to sound like Mozart? The first rule of speaking English is to learn to speak clearly and concisely and remember you won't just be speaking to native speakers: There are roughly 380 million native speakers out there, but as many as a billion people speak English as a second language, you do the math.
Try to avoid using idioms and slang (I always say learn it, but don't use it). It might sound clever to say "You're barking up the wrong tree," but if you use it in the wrong situation, or if the other person simply doesn't understand you, you'll only look silly when you try to explain what you meant to say, or what it actually means.
There's also a saying in English "Have you swallowed a dictionary?" It is applicable to anyone who uses long, complicated words when a shorter word will do. Short sentences are just as good (if not better) than long rambling explanations. The value in what you have to say is what you say, not how clever you look or sound when you say it. So it's a good idea to try to use simple, clear vocabulary, KISS - keep it short and simple,
- See more at: http://www.learnenglish.de/improveenglish/improvespeakingpage.html#sthash.vzJoYvnT.dpuf

Improve Your English Speaking and English Pronunciation Skills

My first piece of advice is not to get too hung up on trying to sound like a native speaker. Would you start learning the piano in an attempt to sound like Mozart? The first rule of speaking English is to learn to speak clearly and concisely and remember you won't just be speaking to native speakers: There are roughly 380 million native speakers out there, but as many as a billion people speak English as a second language, you do the math.
Try to avoid using idioms and slang (I always say learn it, but don't use it). It might sound clever to say "You're barking up the wrong tree," but if you use it in the wrong situation, or if the other person simply doesn't understand you, you'll only look silly when you try to explain what you meant to say, or what it actually means.
There's also a saying in English "Have you swallowed a dictionary?" It is applicable to anyone who uses long, complicated words when a shorter word will do. Short sentences are just as good (if not better) than long rambling explanations. The value in what you have to say is what you say, not how clever you look or sound when you say it. So it's a good idea to try to use simple, clear vocabulary, KISS - keep it short and simple, Here's a fun video that illustrates what I mean.

English speaking tips

Get over any fear you might have of making mistakes. You will make mistakes.
Be patient with yourself. Learning any language can be frustrating, but frustration won't help you, so let it go.
Grasp every opportunity you have to speak with people in English.
Talk to friends who are also learning English. Go out together for coffee and only speak English to each other!
Read short stories out loud and try to see, say and hear the words to reinforce your memory. Record yourself and play it back later, how does it sound?
- See more at: http://www.learnenglish.de/improveenglish/improvespeakingpage.html#sthash.vzJoYvnT.dpuf

Improve Your English Speaking and English Pronunciation Skills

My first piece of advice is not to get too hung up on trying to sound like a native speaker. Would you start learning the piano in an attempt to sound like Mozart? The first rule of speaking English is to learn to speak clearly and concisely and remember you won't just be speaking to native speakers: There are roughly 380 million native speakers out there, but as many as a billion people speak English as a second language, you do the math.
Try to avoid using idioms and slang (I always say learn it, but don't use it). It might sound clever to say "You're barking up the wrong tree," but if you use it in the wrong situation, or if the other person simply doesn't understand you, you'll only look silly when you try to explain what you meant to say, or what it actually means.
There's also a saying in English "Have you swallowed a dictionary?" It is applicable to anyone who uses long, complicated words when a shorter word will do. Short sentences are just as good (if not better) than long rambling explanations. The value in what you have to say is what you say, not how clever you look or sound when you say it. So it's a good idea to try to use simple, clear vocabulary, KISS - keep it short and simple, Here's a fun video that illustrates what I mean.

English speaking tips

Get over any fear you might have of making mistakes. You will make mistakes.
Be patient with yourself. Learning any language can be frustrating, but frustration won't help you, so let it go.
Grasp every opportunity you have to speak with people in English.
Talk to friends who are also learning English. Go out together for coffee and only speak English to each other!
Read short stories out loud and try to see, say and hear the words to reinforce your memory. Record yourself and play it back later, how does it sound?

Find English speaking friends:-
  • You might not be able to find any friendly native speakers where you live, but If you can't find anyone who'll actually help you, don't worry, you'll still be able to figure out if they can understand you.
  • Get onto Second Life. It's the one place I've found where you're guaranteed a conversation - it's an adult environment, and you won't always want to talk to the people you meet, but for every blood sucking vampire who asks if they can bite you, there are at least ten, nice people who just want to socialise. If you want a list of nice places to go, just contact me on the forum.
  • There are several internet based voice chat programmes out there: Yahoo! Messenger | Google Hangouts | Skype and I'm sure there are lots more.
  • Look for people with the same interests as you. It's no good asking everyone you meet to help you with your English, rather develop natural friendships based on your hobbies etc. Eventually you will make friends and they will be much more likely to give you correction / guidance.
  • Join an English club or conversation group. Around the world there are many English speaking clubs, these clubs aren't just for expats but for people interested in the English way of life. They can be friendly and fun. For a list of English clubs click here. Check magazines as well as your phone book, your local newspaper and your local university. Or if there isn't one in your area - start one! Place an advertisement in your newspaper for people interested in starting a group or go to Meetup.
  • Visit an Irish/English/Australian theme pub or British food shop, you can usually find one in the larger cities. Often, the waiters and waitresses come from English-speaking countries, the menu is often in English too!
  • Once your English is good enough, go shopping in some tourist areas. You'll find lots of shop assistants speak very good English.
  • If you can travel to an English speaking country, do it.
- See more at: http://www.learnenglish.de/improveenglish/improvespeakingpage.html#sthash.vzJoYvnT.dpuf

Daily English lesson

Jessica is telling Marni about the types of things you can find on Reddit. Find out what Marni says in today’s English lesson.Jessica: I just saw some of the most awesome articles on Reddit. Did you see those?

  • Marni: I don’t know what you’re talking about, so no, what is Reddit?
  • Jessica: Reddit!? You’ve never heard of Reddit, Marni?
  • Marni: I’ve heard of it, but I have to confess, I don’t know what it is.
  • Jessica: Well, basically, people all over the world submit different content. They can be different articles, pictures, videos and people go onto Reddit and “upvote” what they find interesting. So when you go to reddit.com, it’s like the front page of the internet and you see all of these different current events. I don’t know, I spend so many hours on Reddit looking at cute puppy pictures. They have sub-Reddits.
  • Marni: Like subcategories?
  • Jessica: Exactly. That’s exactly what it is. You can go and find different information on saving money, different memes. It’s a lot of fun.
  • Marni: It sounds like it’s kind of everything, the best of the internet sort of put into one place. It’s just a great way to find the most popular articles, events, and things that are happening.
  • Jessica: Exactly. It’s kind of like Pinterest. Instead of different pictures and things like that, it’s articles and current events. Then the sub-Reddits tap into all of the other adorable puppy photos.
  • Marni: Because you can’t have none of those!
  • Jessica: Exactly! You should go onto Reddit and check it out!
  • Marni: Will do.
Grammar point.

It’s vs. Its

Marni says, “It’s just a great way to find the most popular articles, events, and things that are happening.” She uses the contraction it’s.

It’s and its sound alike, but their meanings are quite different. It is not uncommon to confuse the two, but you will confuse other people if you use the wrong one!

It’s is a contraction for it is. As an example, “It’s a beautiful day today!”, or, “I think that it’s time to go.” This is a very common contraction to hear in spoken English.

Its is a possessive adjective. It modifies a noun by telling us to whom it belongs. For example, “The cat is washing its paw,” or, “The company hired its first worker.” Other possessive adjectives include my, your, his, her, our, and their.

The rule to remember is this: If you mean “It is” or “It has,” use it’s with an apostrophe (‘). If not, don’t use the apostrophe.

If Marni wanted to use its in a sentence, she could say, “Reddit is a great website. I really like its content.”

Which is correct, “The dog is biting its tail,” or, “The dog is biting it’s tail?”

LITERACY & GRAMMAR

ESOL/TFL: English

Level: E1 & E2 (Beginners & Elementary)
Resource type: cut-ups, worksheet
Type: Grammar, Reading, Speaking, Writing, Gap-fill


1.practise the verb ‘to be’ and possessive adjectives; possessive ‘s’ worksheet; intensive reading about Sally’s family; practise the possessive ‘s’ for Sally’s family; gap-fill for possessive adjectives.

Preview the lesson below


 

PRE-INTERMEDIATE & INTERMEDIATE

ESOL/TFL: Literacy, Grammar

Level: All
Resource type: Worksheets

Type: Warmer
1. identifying nouns, verbs & adjectives 

Preview the lesson below

2. identifying nouns, verbs & adjectives 

 

 

BEGINNERS & ELEMENTARY

HOBBIES & FREE TIME

ESOL/TFL: English

Level: E1 & E2 (Beginners & Elementary)
Resource type: Cut-ups, Worksheets
Type: Speaking Writing, Vocabulary
1.match verb phrases and pictures together; speaking practice about favorite free time activities; Q&A and speaking practice

Quick view below


 

 

QUESTION FORMS

ESOL/TFL: English

Level: E1 & E2 (Beginners & Elementary)
Resource type: Worksheets, Cut-ups

Type: Q&A, Cut-ups, Grammar & Speaking
1. match WH questions and their meaning; match WH questions and examples; word order for WH questions.
2. match WH questions and their meaning; match WH questions and examples; read about Manuela and form questions. 

Quick view below


 





3.form 3 questions for each topic (10 topics).
4.explaining WH grammar and word order.

  

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

ESOL/TFL: General literacy / English
Level: E1 & E2 (Beginners & Elementary)
Resource type: Worksheets, Assignment
Type: Grammar, Word Order, Q&A, Listening, Writing

1.understanding the meaning of eight different adverbs of frequency and how to use them with the verb ‘to be’. Practise word order in sentences.

2.ask each other “how often” they perform different activities during the week, day, year etc.

3. Students pair up with another person in the class. One of them is the writer and the other person is the runner. The teacher hangs up texts all around the class. The runner has to run to one of the texts and dictate to the writer every sentence individually. The first pair to finish wins. After the exercise students can compare their spelling with the original text 


 

TRANSPORT

ESOL/TFL: English

Level: E1 & E2 (Beginners & Elementary)
Resource type: Grammar, Worksheet, Assignment
Type: Listening, Vocabulary, Writing, Q&A, Speaking

1.Match transport pictures with the correct words; practise prepositions ‘on & in'; comparative adjectives i.e. the car is slower than the train; advantages & disadvantages of various transportation; listen & gap-fill exercises, Q & A about transport etc.

Quick view below

 


 

DAILY ROUTINES

ESOL/TFL: English

Level: E1 & E2 (Beginners & Elementary)
Resource type: Cut-ups, Worksheets
Type: Speaking & Listening,Writing, Reading

1.Use the simple present tense to describe daily routines –  daily life of Christina and everyday activities. The worksheet comes with picture vocabulary (cut-ups) and grammar exercises. Click on the link above to download the lesson.  

Quick view below 



2.gap-fill exercise to practise 1st and 3rd person for daily routines.


3.match verbs and nouns; put verbs in the correct gaps; differentiate between 1st & 3rd person verbs; build sentences in 3rd person about Christina’s day; WH questions about daily routine
 

FAMILY

ESOL/TFL: English

Level: E1 & E2 (Beginners & Elementary)
Resource type: Cut-ups, Worksheet
Type: Grammar, Reading, Speaking, Writing, Gap-fill

1. practise the verb ‘to be’ and possessive adjectives; possessive ‘s’ worksheet; intensive reading about Sally’s family; practise the possessive ‘s’ for Sally’s family; gap-fill for possessive adjectives.

Quick view below 






 

PERSONAL INFORMATION

ESOL/TFL: English

Level: E1 & E2 (Beginners & Elementary)
Resource type: Worksheets

Type: Form Filling, Q&A, Reading & Discussion

1. short, simple text about personal information. Students fill in a simple form; answer simple comprehension questions and form questions about personal information. They also discuss simple questions about the course. Click the link above to download the lesson. 

Quick view below



2. filling out a simple form about personal information